All If News articles

Liability Newsletter 1/2008. The EC Directive on Environmental Liability with regard to the Prevention and Remedying of Environmental Damage (Environmental Liability Directive, ELD) came into force in April 2004. The member states were expected to enforce the ELD with effect from April 30, 2007. The directive doesn't have any retrospective effect.

Liability Newsletter 3/2007. Enactment of class action legislation is currently being discussed in several European countries. Class action refers to litigation wherein the plaintiff litigates for the benefit of a group without any express assignment from the members of the group in such a manner that the court decision passed in the case is binding on all group members.

Liability Newsletter 2/2007. The new Companies Act came into force on 1 September 2006. Nearly 30 years had passed since the last reform of the law, and it was no longer possible to patch up the old law to meet the social and economic changes that have occurred since then. The law was completely re-written. The goals defined for this reform include a flexible and competitive law and the possibility to offer sufficient protection to minority shareholders and creditors.

Liability Newsletter 1/2007. In 1998 two Danish consumers bought eggs from a retailer. The eggs carried salmonella bacteria and caused salmonella poisoning. The consumers brought an action in tort against the retailer, who then joined the producer in the proceedings. The Danish product liability legislation differed from the EU-Court’s interpretation of Directive 85/374/EEC and had to be amended to comply with the judgement. What are the intermediary liabilities under the Norwegian, Finnish and Swedish laws?